1ġ0.0% of live births occurred before 37 weeks of gestation (2018 data) 2
That year, the worldwide preterm birth rate was 10.6%, or nearly 15 million infants. Prematurity is the main cause of neonatal death globally, accounting for 16% of deaths of children under age 5 in 2014.
Prematurity is defined by the World Health Organization 1 as birth occurring before 37 weeks of gestation, with the following categories: PREMATURITY: DEFINITIONS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY This article reviews lifelong pulmonary, renal, cardiac, neurologic, and endocrine vulnerabilities associated with prematurity and suggests recommendations for routine management of adults who were born premature. As advancing technology has allowed more early neonates to survive with apparently good outcomes, long-term health consequences of prematurity are less often considered, although evidence indicates that they can be significant. Medical attention to premature babies usually focuses exclusively on immediate survival and monitoring of problems in early childhood. Pulmonary vulnerabilities warrant asthma control as needed, keeping current on influenza and Pneumococcus vaccinations, and avoiding smoking.
Increased risk of cardiovascular, metabolic, and kidney diseases suggest that risk factors should be monitored and patients counseled on maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Survivors of premature birth may have later adverse health effects related to organs failing to achieve optimal development. About 10% of live births are premature, and rates are increasing.
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